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minimum of one foot above the base flood level or together with attendant <br />utility and sanitary facilities, be designed so that below one foot above the <br />base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially <br />impermeable to the passage of water, and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of <br />buoyancy. A registered professional engineer or architect shall develop <br />and/or review structural design, specifications, and plans for the construction <br />and shall certify that the design and methods of construction are in <br />accordance with accepted standards of practice as outlined in this subsection. <br />A record of such certification which includes the specific elevation (in <br />relation to mean sea level) to which such structures are floodproofed shall be maintained by the Floodplain Administrator. <br />(3) Enclosures. New construction and substantial improvements with fully <br />enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of <br />vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement, and <br />which are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize <br />hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified <br />by a registered professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the <br />following minimum criteria: <br />(a) A minimum of two openings on separate walls having a total net <br />area of not less than 1 square inch for every square foot of enclosed <br />area subject to flooding shall be provided. <br />(b) The bottom of a11 openings shall be no higher than 1 foot above <br />grade. <br />(c) Openings may be equipped with screens,louvers, valves, or other <br />covenngs or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry <br />and exit of floodwaters. <br />(4) Manufactured Homes - <br />(a) Require that all manufactured homes to be placed within Zone A <br />on a city's FHBM or FIRM shall be installed using methods and <br />practices which minimize flood damage. For the purposes of this <br />requirement, manufactured homes must be elevated and anchored to resist flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring <br />may include, but are not limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties <br />to ground anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable State <br />and local anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces. <br />(b) Require that manufactured homes that are placed or substantially <br />improved within Zones A1-30, AH, and AE on the city's FIRM on sites (1) outside of a manufactured home park or subdivision, (2) in <br />a new manufactured home park or subdivision, (3 ) in an expansion to <br />an existing manufactured home park or subdivislon, or (4) in an <br />existing manufactured home park or subdivision on which a <br />manufactured home has incurred `substantial damage' as a result of <br />a flood be elevated on a permanent foundation such that the lowest <br />Page 14 of 17 <br />