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requirements in the drawings for density requirements. Do not permit compaction equipment to <br />contact and damage the pipe. Use compaction equipment and techniques that are compatible with <br />materials used and location in the trench. Before using heavy compaction or construction <br />equipment directly over the pipe, place sufficient backfill to prevent damage, excessive <br />deflections, or other disturbance of the pipe. See minimum cover requirements elsewhere herein. <br />Pipe Embedment shall be compacted in 8" lifts or less. <br />All excavations sha11 be backfilled to finished grades, shapes, and configurations as shown on the <br />drawings. Finish backfill, after consolidation, shall not have a variance of over one inch in ten <br />feet when measured with a straight edge perpendicular to the slope. Any subsequent settlement <br />of finished areas shall be brought back to the final grade and configuration with additional <br />material as required, so that upon the completion of the construction of the project, and for the <br />twelve month maintenance period, all areas shall have their final grade and shape. The <br />CONTRACTOR, during the life of this contract, shall be responsible for so maintaining the <br />trench and trench backfill as to permit safe passage for vehicles and pedestrians over the same. <br />During inclement weather, he sha11 be responsible for removing any vehicle or livestock which <br />may become stuck, stalled, or stranded in a trench, or in trench backfill, and shall utilize every <br />available means to keep trenches and trench backfill across public thoroughfares and driveways <br />safe and passable at all times. <br />Initial backfill, i.e., that backfill material used to a point 6 to 12 inches above the top of the pipe, <br />shall be the same material as the embedment material. Unless otherwise noted on the drawings, <br />the final backfill may be the native material removed from the trench, except that rock removed <br />from the trench must be reduced to a size no larger than 3" maximum dimension before reuse. <br />Broken concrete larger than 3" in maximum dimension, trees, or other lumpy materials, or <br />materials frozen, or of a perishable, spongy, or otherwise improper nature shall never be used in <br />the backfill. <br />Consolidation of cohesionless material by watering (jetting or puddling) should only be used <br />under controlled conditions when approved by the ENGINEER. At all times, conform to the lift <br />thicknesses and minimum density requirements in the drawings. <br />To preclude damage to the pipe and disturbance to pipe embedment, a minimum depth of <br />backfill above the pipe should be maintained before allowing vehicles or heavy construction <br />equipment to traverse the pipe trench. For embedment materials installed to the minimum <br />densities required in the drawings, provide cover (that is, depth of backfill above top of pipe) of <br />at least 30 in. (0.8) or one pipe diameter (whichever is larger) before allowing vehicles or <br />construction equipment to traverse the trench surface. <br />All pressure conduits shall have a minimurn cover as follows: 3" diameter and smaller - 30"; 4" <br />thru 8" - 36"; and 10" and larger - 42", as measured from the natural ground surface to the top of <br />the pipe. Pressure pipe bury in unstratified rock may be raised 6" upon authorizarion from the <br />ENGINEER. Notwithstanding the above, all pipe rnust be buried a minimum of 36" below all <br />highway and railroad borrow ditches. <br />83 <br />